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Test Code LAB1836 21-Hydroxylase Gene, CYP21A2, Full Gene Analysis, Varies

Useful For

Carrier screening and diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficient congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in individuals with a personal or family history of 21-hydroxylase deficiency, or as follow-up to positive CAH newborn screens and/or measurement of basal and adrenocorticotropic hormone- 1-24 stimulated 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, and other adrenal steroid levels

 

May identify CYP21A2 variants in individuals with a suspected diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficient CAH when a common variant panel is negative or only identifies 1 variant

 

In prenatal cases with suspected differences of sex development (such as clitoromegaly) detected by ultrasound, particularly when the fetus is confirmed XX female by chromosome analysis

 

Known/familial variant analysis for CYP21A2, as due to the complexity of the CYP21A2 locus, site specific testing for known/familial variants is not offered for this gene

Reflex Tests

Test ID Reporting Name Available Separately Always Performed
MATCC Maternal Cell Contamination, B Yes No
CULFB Fibroblast Culture for Genetic Test Yes No
CULAF Amniotic Fluid Culture/Genetic Test Yes No

Testing Algorithm

For prenatal specimens only:

If amniotic fluid (nonconfluent cultured cells) is received, amniotic fluid culture will be added at an additional charge.

If chorionic villus specimen (nonconfluent cultured cells) is received, fibroblast culture will be added at an additional charge.

 

For any prenatal specimen that is received, maternal cell contamination studies will be added.

Special Instructions

Seattle Children's Hospital Note:

SCH clinical teams can include required elements of the Mayo "CYP21A2 Gene Testing for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Patient Information" form in an Epic clinical note in lieu of completing the form. See link above.

Method Name

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Amplification followed by DNA Sequence Analysis and Gene Dosage Analysis by Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA)

Reporting Name

CYP21A2 Gene, Full Gene Analysis
Seattle Children's Hospital Note:

Clinical System Name: CYP21A2 Full Gene Analysis

Specimen Type

Varies


Ordering Guidance


This test is a molecular analysis of the CYP21A2 gene and does not include biochemical analysis of steroids. For biochemical analysis for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), which includes cortisol, androstenedione, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone, see CAH21 / Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) Profile for 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency, Serum.



Additional Testing Requirements


All prenatal specimens must be accompanied by a maternal blood specimen; order MATCC / Maternal Cell Contamination, Molecular Analysis on the maternal specimen.



Shipping Instructions


Specimen preferred to arrive within 96 hours of collection.



Necessary Information


CYP21A2 Gene Testing for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Patient Information (T663) is strongly recommended, but not required, to be filled out and sent with the specimen. This information aids in providing a more thorough interpretation of test results. Ordering providers are strongly encouraged to complete the form and send it with the specimen.



Specimen Required


Patient Preparation: A previous bone marrow transplant from an allogenic donor will interfere with testing. For testing patients who have received a bone marrow transplant, call 800-533-1710 for instructions.

 

Submit only 1 of the following specimens:

 

Specimen Type: Whole blood

Container/Tube:

Preferred: Lavender top (EDTA)

Specimen Volume: 3 mL

Collection Instructions:

1. Invert several times to mix blood.

2. Send specimen in original tube. Do not aliquot.

Specimen Stability Information: Ambient (preferred) 4 days/Refrigerated 14 days

 

 

Prenatal Specimens

Due to its complexity, consultation with the laboratory is required for all prenatal testing; call 800-533-1710 to speak to a genetic counselor. 

 

Specimen Type: Amniotic fluid

Container/Tube: Amniotic fluid container

Specimen Volume: 20 mL

Specimen Stability Information: Refrigerated (preferred)/Ambient

Additional information:  

1. A separate culture charge will be assessed under CULAF / Culture for Genetic Testing, Amniotic Fluid. An additional 2 to 3 weeks is required to culture amniotic fluid before genetic testing can occur. 

2. All prenatal specimens must be accompanied by a maternal blood specimen; order MATCC / Maternal Cell Contamination, Molecular Analysis, Varies on the maternal specimen.

 

Specimen Type: Chorionic villi

Container/Tube: 15-mL tube containing 15 mL of transport media

Specimen Volume: 20 mg

Specimen Stability Information: Refrigerated

Additional Information:  

1. A separate culture charge will be assessed under CULFB / Fibroblast Culture for Biochemical or Molecular Testing. An additional 3 to 4 weeks is required to culture fibroblasts before genetic testing can occur. 

2. All prenatal specimens must be accompanied by a maternal blood specimen; order MATCC / Maternal Cell Contamination, Molecular Analysis, Varies on the maternal specimen. 

 

Acceptable

Specimen Type: Confluent cultured cells

Container/Tube: T-25 flask

Specimen Volume: 2 Flasks

Collection Instructions: Submit confluent cultured cells from another laboratory.

Specimen Stability Information: Ambient (preferred)/Refrigerated

Additional Information: All prenatal specimens must be accompanied by a maternal blood specimen; order MATCC / Maternal Cell Contamination, Molecular Analysis, Varies on the maternal specimen.


Specimen Minimum Volume

Amniotic Fluid: 10 mL; Blood: 1 mL; Chorionic villi: 5 mg

Specimen Stability Information

Specimen Type Temperature Time Special Container
Varies Ambient (preferred)
  Frozen 
  Refrigerated 

Reject Due To

All specimens will be evaluated at Mayo Clinic Laboratories for test suitability.

Reference Values

An interpretive report will be provided.

Method Description

A combined testing approach involving polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, bi-directional sequence analysis, and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) is used to identify sequence variants and copy number variation within the CYP21A2 gene (GenBank accession number NM_000500; build GRCh37 [hg19]).

 

Four sets of PCR primer pairs amplify the CYP21A2 gene, the inactive CYP21A1P pseudogene, and the CYP21A2/CYP21A1P and CYP21A1P/CYP21A2 hybrids to determine the presence or absence of amplification product.

 

Bi-directional full gene sequence analysis, including a portion of the promoter and 3'-untranslated regions, is then performed on the CYP21A2 gene and the CYP21A2/CYP21A1P hybrid (if present) to test for the presence of sequence variants. Because the CYP21A1P/CYP21A2 hybrid and the CYP21A1P pseudogene are expected to be inactive, sequencing is not performed unless required for interpretation.

 

MLPA is performed to determine the copy number of the 5'- and 3'-regions of the CYP21A2 gene and the CYP21A1P pseudogene. Quantification and comparison of results is used to determine the copy number of the CYP21A2 gene, the CYP21A1P pseudogene, the CYP21A2/CYP21A1P and CYP21A1P/CYP21A2 hybrids. Correlation of results from PCR, bi-directional sequencing, and MLPA is used to determine the CYP21A2 genotype.

 

This technology cannot always determine the cis/trans status (cis=same chromosome, trans=opposite chromosomes) of the identified genes, rearrangements, or variants. Family studies of blood relatives might assist in determination of the cis/trans status.(Cradic KW, Grebe SK: A diagnostic sequencing assay for CYP21 based on promoter activity provides better understanding of gene rearrangements. Abstract. Endocrine Society Annual Meeting, ENDO 2005)

Day(s) Performed

Varies

Seattle Children's Hospital Note:

TAT: 14-21 days

Report Available

14 to 21 days

Performing Laboratory

Mayo Clinic Laboratories in Rochester
Seattle Children's Hospital Note:

Department: Send Outs/Genetic

Phone Number: (206) 987-2563

Test Classification

This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

CPT Code Information

81405-CYP21A2 (cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide2) (eg, steroid 21-hydroxylase isoform, congenital adrenal hyperplasia), full gene sequence

81402-CYP21A2 (cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide2) (eg, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 21-hydroxylase deficiency), common variants (eg, IVS2-13G, P30L, I172N, exon 6 mutation cluster [I235N, V236E, M238K], V281L, L307FfsX6, Q318X, R356W, P453S, G110VfsX21, 30-kb deletion variant)

88233-Tissue culture, skin or solid tissue biopsy (if appropriate)

88235-Tissue culture for amniotic fluid (if appropriate)

88240-Cryopreservation (if appropriate)

81265-Comparative analysis using Short Tandem Repeat (STR) markers; patient and comparative specimen (eg, pre-transplant recipient and donor germline testing, post-transplant non-hematopoietic recipient germline [eg, buccal swab or other germline tissue sample] and donor testing, twin zygosity testing or maternal cell contamination of fetal cells (if appropriate)

LOINC Code Information

Test ID Test Order Name Order LOINC Value
CYPZ CYP21A2 Gene, Full Gene Analysis 94197-1

 

Result ID Test Result Name Result LOINC Value
37488 Result Summary 50397-9
37489 Result 82939-0
37490 Interpretation 69047-9
37491 Additional Information 48767-8
37492 Specimen 31208-2
37493 Source 31208-2
37494 Released By 18771-6

Forms

1. New York Clients-Informed consent is required. Document on the request form or electronic order that a copy is on file. The following documents are available:

-Informed Consent for Genetic Testing (T576)

-Informed Consent for Genetic Testing-Spanish (T826)

2. CYP21A2 Gene Testing for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Patient Information (T663) is recommended.

3. If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send a Biochemical Genetics Test Request (T798) with the specimen.